The association between HIV infection and depressive disorder in homosexual men : a qualitative analysis of their bi-directional relationship

Abstract

Background Although it is very well understood that the presence of a chronic illness can adversely affect the risk for mental disorders and that depression increases the risk for many physical health problems, little is known about the extent, causality, and responsible pathophysiological and psychological correlates. This is especially true for the subgroup of homosexual men who are at increased risk for developing both depression and/or HIV infection. Objectives This results in the present investigation's objectives (i) to characterize the association between HIV infection and depressive disorders in the target population of gay men, and (ii) to develop recommendations for action to prevent depressive disorders in HIV-infected gay men and vice versa, as well as to promote their health and quality of life. Methodology To achieve these objectives, a two-step methodology was applied. In the first step, a systematic literature search was conducted to obtain an overview of the current state of knowledge in the scientific framework. Based on this, interviews with experts in the relevant field were carried out in a second step. Results In this way, it was revealed that HIV and depression are risk factors for each other, mainly due to the stigma of HIV and the symptomatology of depression. For homosexual men, this is exacerbated by the fact that they are constantly confronted with minority stress. Outlook Recommendations for action include education and raising awareness in general, specific self-help services, addressing the growing gap in care, campaigns for men's health, improving coping with drug use, and financial support for organizations.