Substance Abuse in Germany & Social Norms Approach

Abstract

Background: Substance use particularly among young adults is an increasing concern in Europe. New reports show that smoking, heavy drinking and consumption of illegal drugs have contributed significantly to morbidity among young adults in Germany over the past ten years. While several studies exist that monitor alcohol and substance use from a European and German perspective the pathways that lead to problematic consumption are not always well understood. Besides campaigns for reduction of substance abuse among students were till date predominantly based on traditional prevention strategies in Germany. Methods: Comprehensive literature ranging from research articles published in national and international journals, presentation texts of various conferences, and official reports of national and international health organisations as well as much of other grey literature was reviewed to critically unfold how we can build up better resilience amongst young generation from becoming target customers of this addictive business. Furthermore, Social Norms Approach as an intervention strategy to control substance abuse was extensively researched for its implications. Findings: The figures of substance abusing young people (especially smoking and heavy drinking) in the age group of 18 to 25 years are still significantly high. In addition, they are ill prepared to negotiate the balance between emotion and cognition when it comes to consumption of addictive substances. The ‘Social Norms’ approach to prevent school and college age substance abuse is a new and highly successful alternative to traditional methods for preventing substance abuse among young people. Interpretation: The cognitive and socio-structural factors that potentially promote, and excuse substance abuse among young adults are not favorably balanced. The prevalence of substance abuse could be further decreased by focusing on intensified bahaviour prevention activities coupled with some modifications in structural measures. The success of ‘Social Norms’ approach should be confirmed for a big sample exclusively in Germany, and if positive results are obtained it should be increasingly applied in secondary and higher education settings in Germany to promote healthier lifestyles among young adults.