Misconceptions about contraception and the effect on women of reproductive age in Kintampo Municipality, Ghana

Abstract

Background: Studies show that, the use of contraceptives is still low in Ghana especially in the remote regions despite the availability of safe effective methods. Research has documented misconceptions, perceptions, fear of side effects to be common reasons for the low uptake. In the remote areas, accessibility and availability of methods were stated as common reasons for the low use. Studies have not yet explored the core factors connected to the low acceptance and use of contraceptives in Kintampo North Municipality (Ghana Statistical Service, 2015). Objective: To gain understanding of the causes of misconceptions concerning contraception and the impact on women of reproductive age between 15 and 49 years in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana. Method: A qualitative study design using in-depth interviews (IDIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were deployed to collect data from women of reproductive age (15 – 49 years) and from health care providers in Kintampo North Municipality. An interview guide including specific questions about the topic was used to collect data. Results: Participants had some level of understanding of contraceptives but deeper knowledge of methods was low. Participants agreed that contraceptive methods were worthy options to prevent unintended pregnancy. Some participants were worried and fearful of side effects. It was revealed that particular methods like the pill and injection were more accepted and preferred. Invasive and surgical methods were the most feared methods. Perceptions and misconceptions regarding side effects, methods and its effectiveness were believed to lower the acceptance, uptake and use. Service providers have presented challenges in service provision. It was recommended that educating the general public could change client‟s opinion about contraceptives. Conclusion: Awareness of contraceptive methods is prevalent but women‟s knowledge on pregnancy and contraception differ according to the method. Perceptions and misconception surrounding methods were high. Although contraceptives are accepted to some extent, fears of side effects are high which seem to interrupt long-term use. The study results cannot be generalized to the general population. Recommendation: Distribution of reproductive health information is essential to address fear and misconceptions. Information agents should be supported to disseminate evidence based information to promote family planning. Awareness regarding women‟s reproductive health and pregnancy should be raised.